Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy is about to signal a cope with US President Donald Trump on Friday that will permit the US entry to the Japanese European nation’s huge reserves of important and uncommon earth mineral deposits.
Zelenskyy has already agreed to the preliminary phrases of the deal, which Trump mentioned is geared toward serving to US taxpayers recoup assist despatched to Ukraine through the battle with Russia, which launched a full-fledged invasion in February 2022.
After the deal is signed, each events will start negotiations on a Reconstruction Funding Fund to find out how assets will probably be allotted.
What are the recognized deal phrases?
The deal outlines a proposal for the US and Ukraine to develop a plan to utilise future revenues from Ukraine’s uncommon earth and important minerals reserves, in addition to its oil and fuel sector.
- A Reconstruction Funding Fund will probably be created – its intention is to make use of revenues generated from Ukraine’s pure assets to reinvest again into Ukraine for reconstruction, additional growth initiatives, infrastructure and state-owned enterprises.
- Ukraine will contribute 50 p.c of revenues from state-owned assets to the joint fund.
- It’s unclear the place the remaining 50 p.c will come from, and the way a lot management the US will wield over the fund.
- The US will decide to supporting Ukraine’s long-term financial stability and prosperity.
- The US will help Ukraine’s efforts to safe lasting peace however provide no direct safety ensures.
How a lot assist has the US despatched to Ukraine?
President Trump had beforehand demanded a proper to $500bn in potential revenues from utilizing Ukraine’s pure assets to compensate for US army assist and help Kyiv has obtained. Zelenskyy has pushed again, arguing that precise US assist to Ukraine is way much less.
Based on the Kiel Institute for the World Financial system, which tracks army, monetary and humanitarian assist to Ukraine for the reason that battle started, the US has donated 114 billion euros ($118bn).
Nevertheless, the US Division of Protection places the determine larger at almost $183bn, which incorporates the price of replenishing Ukraine’s defence shares.
What minerals does Ukraine have?
Based on information from Ukraine’s Financial system Ministry, the nation holds deposits of 22 out of the 34 minerals categorized as important by the EU.
Ukraine additionally holds reserves of uncommon earth parts (REEs), a bunch of 17 metallic minerals important for high-tech functions in electronics, defence, aerospace and renewable vitality, together with lanthanum, cerium and neodymium.
Based on the United Nations’ Russian-language information service, Ukraine’s important mineral reserves made up roughly 5 p.c of the worldwide provide as of 2022.
Its important minerals embrace valuable and non-ferrous metals, ferroalloys and minerals similar to titanium, zirconium, graphite and lithium.
Ukraine accounts for 7 p.c of the worldwide manufacturing of titanium.
Its lithium reserves are largely untapped and thought of considered one of Europe’s largest, at an estimated 500,000 tonnes.
The place precisely are these minerals?
Based on the Middle for Worldwide Relations and Sustainable Improvement (CIRSD), a public coverage assume tank registered in Belgrade and New York, previous to the 2022 Russian invasion, Ukraine had registered 20,000 mineral deposits, with 8,700 of them confirmed, encompassing 117 of the 120 most globally used metals and minerals.
The nation has a number of the world’s prime recoverable coal, fuel, iron, manganese, nickel, ore, titanium, and uranium reserves.
Most of those minerals span Luhansk, Donetsk, Zaporzhizhia, Dnipropetrovsk, Korovohrad, Poltava and Kharkiv.
Russia, which controls roughly 20 p.c of Ukraine, together with massive components of Luhansk, Donetsk and Zaporizhia, is sitting on about 40 p.c of Ukraine’s steel assets based on estimates by Ukrainian assume tanks We Construct Ukraine and the Nationwide Institute of Strategic Research, reviews the Reuters information company.
Ukraine has mentioned that a good portion of its uncommon earth parts are situated within the Donetsk and Luhansk areas. The Shevchenko Subject of Lithium Ores, considered one of Ukraine’s largest lithium deposits, is situated in a rural settlement in Donetsk.
How a lot pure useful resource wealth does Ukraine have?
Based on Ukraine Make investments, the Ukrainian authorities’s funding promotion workplace, it possesses important pure wealth in mineral assets price trillions of {dollars}.
The areas with the best pure useful resource wealth are situated within the east of the nation, primarily below Russian management.
The lack of entry to those assets has not solely impacted Ukraine’s financial system but additionally disrupted world provide chains, significantly in high-tech and defence sectors.
Regardless of the continued battle, Ukraine Make investments reviews that the mining sector stays an important a part of the financial system, with ongoing manufacturing in safer areas and rising worldwide curiosity in securing long-term funding alternatives.
Who has essentially the most uncommon earth minerals on the earth?
The international locations with the biggest uncommon earth mineral reserves are ranked beneath based mostly on their estimated reserves based on the US Geological Survey’s Mineral Commodity Summaries 2025:
- China – 44 million metric tonnes (mt; 1mt is the same as 1,000 kilogrammes). It additionally controls about 70 p.c of world uncommon earth mineral processing
- Brazil – 21 million mt
- India – 6.9 million mt
- Australia – 5.7 million mt
- Russia – 3.8 million mt
- Vietnam – 3.5 million mt
- United States – 1.9 million mt
- Greenland – 1.5 million mt
- Tanzania – 890,000mt
- South Africa – 860,000mt
- Canada – 830,000mt
- Thailand – 4,500mt
