Japan’s huge street community boasts 1.2 million kilometres of tarmac throughout its sprawling panorama.
That may sound like rather a lot, however it manages some 82 million autos in a number of the world’s most densely populated cities every day. As a rustic, it ought to be at a perpetual standstill. But, ever because the Nineteen Fifties, the Japanese have held a tiny little ace up their sleeves…
Kei-jidõsha, or ‘kei automobile’ because it’s extra generally recognized, refers back to the smallest class of motor autos permitted to drive on Japanese roads and highways. For many years, the kei class has produced a number of the most unusual-shaped autos anyplace on the earth, powered by bike-sized engines with tyres that wouldn’t look misplaced on a wheelbarrow. In an automotive panorama extra bloated and chubby than ever, the Japanese kei automobile seems to be the cheat code required to beat the system.
This phenomenon first entered service again in 1949, after the Second World Warfare. Japan wanted to mobilise its nation once more, however restricted assets and a weakened economic system meant conventional commuter autos had been out of attain for most individuals. Enter the brand new ‘mild car’ class, initially restricted to a 150cc four-stroke engine (or 100cc two-stroke), adopted by a bigger 360cc restrict within the mid-Nineteen Fifties. It’d take till 1958 for the primary mainstream kei automobile to take off – Subaru’s 360 – which boasted seating for 4 whereas measuring underneath ten toes lengthy.
By the Nineties, kei class engine capability was raised to 660cc, and with producers embarking on pressured induction to spice up energy and effectivity, it quickly yielded a number of the most iconic fashions thus far, together with the Suzuki Cappuccino, Autozam AZ-1, and Honda Beat. There wasn’t an official restrict on energy, however a gentleman’s settlement capped it at 63hp. Dimensions, nevertheless, have remained the identical since 1998 – not than 3.4m, no wider than 1.48m, and no taller than 2.0m. Kei automobiles don’t have to stick to the identical security requirements as non-kei automobiles, which is why you not often see them offered formally exterior of Japan. Not as a result of they’re inherently harmful, however you’d assume the Euro NCAP workforce wouldn’t look too favourably at your shins forming a part of a front-end crumple check.
Such is their reputation that kei automobiles account for greater than a 3rd of all car gross sales in Japan. However rewind to these early life earlier than their reputation boomed, and there was one other car pattern rising that made even the smallest kei automobiles really feel like a Hummer compared. A category that didn’t even require a driving license to make use of as a result of the Nineteen Seventies would mark the launch of the even wackier world of Japanese microcars. What’s extra, the driving pressure behind them was a producer you’ll already be acquainted with in the case of constructing obscure, alien-like autos. Take a bow, Mitsuoka Motor.
Earlier than Mitsuoka spent their days remodeling K11 Micras into AI-generated Jaguar Mark IIs, its enterprise centred round importing and servicing European automobiles for patrons throughout Japan. Founder Susumu Mitsuoka at all times dreamt of making his personal autos, however it wasn’t till the late ’70s that he was ready to take action. When a buyer introduced their Italian microcar in for repairs – a Casalini Sulky – Mitsuoka-san was left annoyed that he couldn’t discover the elements required to repair it. Relatively than hand over, Mitsuoka-san adopted the optimistic Speedhunters angle and declared how laborious can or not it’s? A number of years later, in 1982, Mitsuoka’s first full automobile was born – the BUBU Shuttle-50.
To name the BUBU Shuttle-50 a automobile by fashionable requirements could be pushing it, although it does have doorways, wing mirrors, and a windscreen. Its engine measured simply 50cc, driving a single wheel on the rear, with two additional wheels up entrance doing the steering. However this wasn’t Mitsuoka being bizarre for the sake of it; its aim was to mobilise all Japanese individuals. Due to its 50cc engine with steering, throttle, and braking managed by handlebars, the BUBU Shuttle-50 solely wanted a moped license to be legally pushed on the street. What’s extra, its rear-opening door – full with fold-out ramps – allowed it for use by these with disabilities, due to the hand controls. It might even match by means of a doorway, which means you didn’t want the luxurious of a storage or off-street parking to retailer it.
The BUBU Shuttle-50 was rapidly joined by the BUBU 501 in the identical 12 months, a smaller, sleeker mannequin that also solely featured a 50cc engine and three wheels, albeit with the addition of a steering wheel. Three years later, the BUBU 505-C joined the vary, which mimicked a quarter-scale Morgan Roadster. Mitsuoka shifted into full-size autos from the late Eighties onwards, however their microcar imaginative and prescient remained a part of their mannequin vary as much as 2007.
Each car – regardless of wanting obscure even by Mitsuoka requirements – served an important position that even kei automobiles couldn’t fulfil. Not solely had been they much more handy for navigating Japan’s (usually) tiny roads, however a moped license was significantly cheaper to acquire than the equal automobile one. Whereas gross sales had been by no means actually booming, the microcar market went from energy to energy proper till the late ’80s when a regulation change would all however seal their destiny. Other than security now being fairly vital, microcars would now require a full driving license to function, dramatically slashing their enchantment.
Nonetheless, many years later, there’s no less than one man in Japan who has made it his life’s mission to hold on the legacy of this weird period of Japanese motoring: Wakayama-based Kaoru Hasegawa.
“I acquired my first microcar practically 30 years in the past,” Hasegawa-san proudly states. “I’ve at all times loved small autos, and I used to be given my first microcar. It had been deserted within the nook of a automobile store out within the countryside, so I frolicked restoring it and began driving it round. It was a lot enjoyable, and the response from different individuals was wonderful. I knew I wished one other microcar, so I began wanting round and researching their historical past.”
Regardless of hundreds of microcars being offered throughout Japan, monitoring down a great, working mannequin is turning into as troublesome as unearthing uncommon supercars – primarily as a result of most individuals purchased microcars for fast and simple transport somewhat than one thing to cherish and acquire. For Hasegawa-san, he is aware of that is half the enchantment, too. Many people are acquainted with the BMW Isetta and Peel P50 – each offered all through Europe in a lot bigger numbers – however what makes the Japanese fashions much more fascinating is how a lot smaller and rarer they had been compared. Hasegawa-san’s assortment now options greater than 10 completely different fashions, and regardless of being three many years deep into his obsession, he’s nonetheless looking out for extra.
“After they had been new, microcars may very well be pushed with a moped license, in order that they offered very effectively,” he provides. “Particularly amongst housewives, as they’d been designed to permit individuals to maneuver rapidly with baggage or procuring in all climate situations. They had been less expensive than a automobile and may very well be saved in a standard home simply. However when the brand new legislation was handed, which means that homeowners wanted a driving license to run them, the gross sales stopped and sellers turned their consideration in the direction of kei automobiles as an alternative.”
Hasegawa-san is greater than only a collector of those oddities. For years, he’s shared his love for them throughout social media, and it wasn’t lengthy earlier than he was being inundated with messages from intrigued automobile followers making an attempt to decipher what they had been taking a look at or likeminded microcar fans that – in lots of circumstances – assumed the early Mitsuoka BUBU fashions would by no means be seen once more. Hasegawa-san’s assortment expands past Japanese automobiles, nevertheless. Two of his cherished fashions embody the Italian Cassalini Sulky and All Automotive Snuggy Charly, and sure, these are the precise names. Given the worldwide curiosity his humble little assortment had gained, Hasegawa-san determined it was time to create an precise museum for his microcars. That may sound like an enormous and costly venture till you realise that every one of his assortment matches comfortably in a daily downstairs storage.
“I created the WAZUKA Microcar Museum due to the messages I stored receiving on social media from individuals desirous to see the true issues,” Hasegawa-san provides. “There are numerous automobile museums in Japan, however there isn’t a museum anyplace that specialises in microcars! So, I believed I’d make one myself. The entire automobiles on show are in good, unique situation whereas additionally being the fashions produced within the least numbers. I’ve travelled all throughout Japan to seek out them, and the chums gathered right here with me had been all fans met alongside the way in which.”
Relatively fittingly, the WAZUKA Microcar Museum is situated on a tiny avenue, crammed right into a tiny terraced home with the upstairs dwelling quarters suffering from tiny memorabilia. It’s fully unassuming on the surface, however its allure is simply matched by the quirky autos it homes behind the wooden-slatted storage door.
Regardless of this, Hasegawa-san often hosts microcar gatherings by inviting pals and fans together with Sinchirou Kubo and his Morgan-like BUBU 505C, Kai Kuramochi who has stretched his Casalini Sulky to hold passengers, and Takayuki Teramura whose Casalini Sulky is slammed so low to the bottom it’ll seaside on any pace bump if he doesn’t method it quick sufficient.
These 4 homeowners and their automobiles will shut down any avenue with intrigue and crooked necks greater than any fire-spitting Lamborghini might dream of. All 4 will slot in a single 7-Eleven parking bay, and, offering you go nowhere close to a freeway, their high speeds can differ between 65km/h and 85km/h relying on wind course and street gradient. They’re not like anything you’ll see on the roads, and their intrigue captivates nearly all ages and era.
“We don’t get many vacationers down right here!”Hasegawa-san laughs, which is unsurprising given it’s a seven-hour drive from Tokyo and two hours south of Osaka. “However my aim is to inform everybody in regards to the museum and present them the historical past of the microcar. I’m at all times searching for extra automobiles so as to add – it’s half the enjoyable with microcars as a result of they usually find yourself in probably the most obscure and weird locations. So to convey as many collectively as doable – and preserve them in good usable situation – is a dream for me that I’ll proceed to reside out so long as I can.”
Kaoru Hasegawa’s WAZUKA Microcar Museum is situated within the Kainan area of Wakayama, Japan. To rearrange a go to, you’ll be able to message him at @kaoru.bubu on Instagram.
Mark Riccioni
Instagram: mark_scenemedia
Twitter: markriccioni
mark@speedhunters.com
